![]() Essentially, the descriptive abstract only describes the work being summarized. It does incorporate key words found in the text and may include the purpose, methods, and scope of the research. It makes no judgments about the work, nor does it provide results or conclusions of the research. These types of abstracts are used infrequently.Ī descriptive abstract indicates the type of information found in the work. Critical abstracts are generally 400-500 words in length due to the additional interpretive commentary. ![]() The researcher evaluates the paper and often compares it with other works on the same subject. There are four general types.Ī critical abstract provides, in addition to describing main findings and information, a judgment or comment about the study’s validity, reliability, or completeness. To begin, you need to determine which type of abstract you should include with your paper. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2009. “What Today’s Students Need to Know about Writing Abstracts.” International Journal of Business Communication January 3 (1966): 29-33 Swales, John M. Then ask yourself: if your abstract was the only part of the paper you could access, would you be happy with the amount of information presented there? Does it tell the whole story about your study? If the answer is "no" then the abstract likely needs to be revised. How do you know when you have enough information in your abstract? A simple rule-of-thumb is to imagine that you are another researcher doing a similar study. Therefore, enough key information must be included to make the abstract useful to someone who may want to examine your work. The abstract allows you to elaborate upon each major aspect of the paper and helps readers decide whether they want to read the rest of the paper. ![]() Sometimes your professor will ask you to include an abstract, or general summary of your work, with your research paper.
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